A variety of parasites can live in a person.It can be not only multicellular and simplest, but also viruses, bacteria, fungi.They parasitize due to the human body.Harmful microorganisms can live not only in the intestines, but also in the muscles, blood, etc.With parasites, you need to start a struggle as early as possible.Otherwise, complications cannot be avoided.
Types of parasites
There are a lot of parasitic organisms that feel great in the human body.All of them have characteristic features.
Round worms
Roundworms or nematodes include about 1000 subspecies in their group.The most famous representatives are pinworm, trichinella, toxocara, hookworm, necator, and ascaris.They enter the body through the mouth or skin.The main representatives of roundworms are described in the table.
| Parasite | Description |
| Pinworms | This is a round worm, the length of which does not exceed 2-12 mm.Females are usually larger.Representatives in the lower intestine and colon are parasitized.Adult females lay eggs in the perianal region.Most often, such representatives are found in children.Eggs fall into the patient's hands when combing the anus, which itchs in the presence of such parasites.It is itching that is one of the first symptoms. |
| Trichinella | Trichinella belongs to the nematodes.Pests enter the body along with poorly processed meat.After they enter the body, complete intoxication begins.In advanced cases, parasites can cause death in humans. |
| Toxocars | This parasite often lives in the body of animals, including cattle.Young children are highly susceptible to toxocaryosis.The parasite multiplies extremely quickly, so treatment must be started immediately. |
| Anquilostoma | It is believed that every 4 people on the planet are a carrier of this parasite.An adult can live in the body of a carrier of 8 years.With proper and timely treatment, it is possible to cure 95% of 100 patients from anquilost.The parasite enters the body along with infected earth. |
| Non -core | These representatives are small.Their length reaches up to 2 cm. During the day, the female pest lays up to 10 thousand eggs.In the external environment, the larvae of parasites fall along with feces. |
| Askarids | Roundworms can grow up to 35 cm in length. First, the parasite develops in the small intestine, and then spreads throughout the body.In order for individuals to become sexually mature, it is necessary to re-enter the body. |
After roundworms penetrate the human body, the process of developing pathological symptoms begins.The intestinal walls become inflamed and for this reason the functioning of the digestive system is disrupted.Parasites in the body pose a serious danger.They absorb some of the nutrients.
Tapeworms
Ribbon worms or cestodes present in the body lead to the appearance of cestosis.Adults are only in the intestines.Larvae are able to spread throughout the body.A person can become infected with the following tape worms:
- Wide tape.This is the longest helminth in the world.It is able to grow to 15-17 meters.A wide feed causes significant harm to the human body.In the place of its attachment, sores form.
- Bull Taper.This is another large parasite that negatively affects human health.It is most often located in the small intestine.Infection occurs when the infected meat is used, which was poorly treated thermally.
- Pork tapeworm.The chain can grow up to several meters in length.The carriers of the pest can be wild and domestic pigs.
- Echinococcus.Eggs enter the environment along with fecal matter.Infection often occurs due to non-compliance with personal hygiene rules.
- Alveococcus.The parasite grows up to 2.2 mm in length.Infection occurs through food that is contaminated with infected feces.
Pathology is primarily manifested by disorders of the gastrointestinal tract.A disorder of nervous activity appears.Human well -being is constantly deteriorating.
Fluke worms
Ensalters are flat worms.These are one of the most dangerous representatives.Almost all saucers parasitize in the body of the owner.Only at a certain stage of development do they change the owner.
A change of host eliminates possible overpopulation in the host's body.The most common representatives of flukes include:
- Siberian fluke.Infection occurs when eating fish that has undergone insufficient heat treatment.It is in human fecal matter that the eggs of this pest are contained.The parasite grows up to 13 mm in length.The body is almost completely transparent.
- Hepatic double -water.A parasite capable of infecting both animals and people.An adult is growing up to a maximum of 8 cm. Infection is possible when the dirty plants are used, on which a bicentral cost is already located in their intermediate form.There is also a risk of infection through water.
- Schistosoma.If left untreated, schistosome can cause sudden death of the patient.Only 6 varieties of this parasite are dangerous to humans.The microorganism can be located in blood vessels, the bladder.Infection often occurs when swimming in fresh water.
- Clonorchis.People working in public catering establishments are susceptible to infection.Clonorchis most often occurs in men over 35 years of age.They are at risk.The eggs of the parasite are excreted in the feces.
Most often, parasites penetrate the body when eating raw or poorly thermally processed fish.Another common option is the presence of poorly washed vegetables and fruits in the diet.
Trematodes
This is one of the varieties of flatworms.Their main feature is the presence of suction cups.Trematodes include:
- Opisthorchiasis.The source of infection is raw or poorly cooked fish.Symptoms are nonspecific, so diagnosing the disease is quite difficult.The outcome is most often unfavorable.
- Fasciolosis.When infected, the liver and biliary system are infected.A characteristic sign of human infection is a sharp increase in body temperature to 39-40 degrees.
- Dicrozzeliosis.Helminthosis, the causative agent of which is a lanceolate bicarry.In the pathology, the liver and gall bladder are additionally damaged.
The parasite is common all over the world and is a serious danger to livestock and humans.
Proper
Protozoan parasites include single-celled pests.Some of the representatives are the oldest inhabitants of the Earth.Parasites successfully adapt to new conditions and reproduce thanks to their simple structure.The pest can live both in the skin and directly in the human body.
The movement of unicellular can be carried out using cilia, flagella, and false knuckles.The types of such parasites include:
- Flagellates.They have an oval or pear-shaped body.The main difference is the presence of flagella.Their number can be 1-8.The parasite absorbs food over the entire surface of the body.Infection can occur through insect bites, poor personal hygiene, and promiscuity.
- Sporozoa.They are able to live in different human organs.Feeding, breathing, and the release of waste products are carried out over the entire surface of the pest’s body.
- Ciliates.These are ciliated or sucking parasites.They live in fresh waters and soil.
- Sarcodov.The parasite consists of one cell.Some varieties of sarcoids are able to live in human teeth if the hygiene is insufficient.
Single-celled organisms can lead to a number of dangerous diseases, including malaria, amoebiasis, giardiasis, etc.Infection is possible through household contact, fecal-oral, through contaminated products, as well as through transmission.
Protosis - infections caused in humans with the activities of protozoa microorganisms.Animals are also prone to pathologies.Pathologies that they cause also include fungal infections.
In most cases, protozoal organisms come to a person from an animal.Also, their hit is possible through water, soil and from man to man.
Ectoparasites
Ectoparasites are parasites that live on the surface of the body and on external organs.They can be a provocateur of skin diseases.Additionally, ectoparasites carry various infections.
The group of ectoparasites includes:
- Lice.This is a blood-sucking parasite.The mouth organ easily pierces human skin.If necessary, lice can withstand fasting for several days.Lice can be body or head lice.Lice pose a serious danger because they can be carriers of infectious diseases.
- Flea.These are temporary ectoparasites.Transmitted from a person to an animal and vice versa.They deliver severe discomfort for bites.
- Ixodic ticks.Unlike other ectoparasites, it is easy to get rid of the tick.To do this, use vegetable oil or paraffin.The main thing is to take the extracted tick for examination.This will help to make sure that he is not a carrier of infection
Most often, ectoparasites affect animals, but human infection is also possible, for example, with ticks or lice.Blood pests.They differ in high reproduction speed.
Helminths
At the moment, experts identify 280 types of worms.All of them are capable of living and developing in the human body.It is a mistake to believe that helminthiasis occurs only in people from dysfunctional families.Worms can occur even in wealthy people who carefully monitor their hygiene.
Helminths can be infected in different ways.Parasites can be transmitted from animals, from person to person, and also through contact with contaminated soil.Most often, worms appear in children.This is due to non-compliance with preventive measures.
The first symptoms may not appear immediately.They may appear after 2-3 days or several weeks.It all depends directly on what kind of parasites have entered the body.Helminthiasis can be both acute and chronic.
Classification of parasites
All parasites are divided into species.There are large groups on:
- way of infection;
- location method;
- biological characteristics.
Each of the groups has its own characteristic features.
By type of localization
A temporary, stationary and transit form of localization is distinguished.In the first case, the parasite lives in the owner’s body only at a certain stage of development.In a stationary form, pests are constantly in the human body.The transient form is the period of migration of the parasite to the habitat.
In treatment, doctors always take into account not only the form of the parasite, but also the place of its residence.In total pests are divided into 2 main categories.The parasites living on the skin are ectoparasites.The pests that settled inside the owner belong to endoparasites.
Internal parasites, in turn, are divided into 2 categories – tissue parasites and cavity parasites.There are also atypical forms.In this case, pests are located in places unusual for them.
External parasites can be temporary and constant.Those that feed on blood through bites are temporary.They can cause infections.The remaining parasites violate the integrity of the skin.
Intracellular pests are also found.These include, for example, malarial plasmodium.
By the method of infection
Parasites can also be classified according to the method of infection.The following penetration methods are distinguished:
- Contact and household.In this case, parasites penetrate as a result of violations of sanitary and hygienic standards.
- Fecal-oral.In this case, infection occurs through dirty hands, as well as poor -quality products.
- Transmission paths.Infection occurs through blood-sucking insects.
- Active paths.This is the name for the method of infection in which the parasites reach the owner at the larval stage.
Thanks to the large number of ways of entry, you can become infected with parasites anywhere.Only preventive measures make it possible to reduce the risk of infection.
According to biological characteristics
According to biological features, parasites are divided into two categories - unicellular and multicellular.The first group includes sporen, ciliates, flagella, histological amoebas.The main way of infection is to ignore personal hygiene rules.
It is customary to attribute to multicellular parasites worms, insects, spider -shaped.The danger of infection, for example, helminths, is that worms damage tissues and internal organs.
The most common multicellular parasites are worms.
Multicellular parasites are more dangerous.They are distinguished by a rapid rate of reproduction and a complex life cycle.
Where there may be parasites
Some parasites can live in specific parts of the body, while others can spread throughout the body.Diagnosing a parasite infection is quite difficult.
Round worms live mainly in the digestive tract.Infection occurs when unwashed foods.
Parasites can be found under human skin.Such representatives include rishta.The pest enters the body when drinking raw water.Tourists who go on vacation to countries where guinea worm is common are often infected.
Internal organs are affected by trematodes.They can live in the liver, pancreas, intestines, and bile ducts.The main source of infection is consumption of raw fish.
There are also tissue microorganisms.They can live in the spinal cord, muscle and connective tissues.The main source of infection is pets.
There are also eye parasites.They can be round, flat, annelid, prickly.The main source of infection is poor fish processing or contact with infected animals.
The danger of infection with parasites for humans
Any parasitic infections require immediate treatment.The sooner treatment is started, the faster the pests will be dealt with and the fewer complications will arise.
Parasites in the human body can lead to serious pathologies:
- Some pests lead to the development of acute colitis.The condition is significantly aggravated if the patient has an ulcer.In bowel movements there may be blood, which is dangerous to develop anemia.Treatment should be started as soon as possible.
- Parasites can settle in the brain or liver.This condition can be dangerous not only for health, but also for the life of the patient.When infected, there is a risk of cyst development.
- Pests living in the intestines can violate its integrity.Additionally, there is a risk of obstruction.
- Parasites cause a significant blow to the human immune system.Leukocytes and red blood cells are destroyed.This almost instantly affects a person’s general well-being.
- Pests take nutrients from the human body.The risk of developing thyroid diseases and anemia increases.Additionally, the condition of the hair and nail plates deteriorates.
- The body is poisoned by toxic components.The waste products of parasites are poisonous to humans.The more of them, the worse a person’s well-being.The risk of developing allergies, asthma increases, and asthma attacks are also likely.
Parasites are particularly dangerous for children.Infection turns into a large number of unpleasant symptoms.In the child, appetite is lost, body weight decreases, apathy and fatigue appear.The kid can often cry and become restless.Under the eyes, visible dark circles appear.
The child is at the growth stage, so it is important for him to receive a sufficient amount of nutrients.In the presence of parasites in the body, this is impossible.The condition of the baby is rapidly worsening every day.The child can lag behind in development.
The danger of parasites is that they can live in a person for months and years without making themselves known.During this time, he will weaken significantly and face a lack of nutrients.Possible complete exhaustion.Only timely treatment helps prevent this.
Factors contributing to infection
Often people themselves are to blame for the appearance of worms.There are a number of factors that increase the likelihood of pests.These include:
- Refusal to wash hands before eating food;
- infection with dirty shoes;
- ignoring signs of worms in pets;
- drinking raw water;
- consumption of unwashed fruits and vegetables;
- poor heat treatment of meat and fish;
- frequent eating on the street;
- weakened immunity after taking potent medications.
Previously, parasite eggs enter the intestines.After that, they are absorbed into the bloodstream and larvae are carried throughout the body.
Parasites spread most quickly in large groups of children.This is due to ignoring hygiene rules and too close contacts.
Symptoms of parasites in the human body
It is important to know that sometimes parasites do not show themselves at all for a long period of time.Symptoms are often general and almost invisible at first.
The first symptoms of parasites in the body is a quick and causeless loss of body weight, as well as the appearance of an itching sensation in the anus.You can only make sure that parasitic infections are due to diagnosis.Symptoms of infection often include various disorders of the nervous system and general weakness in the body.
A person who has parasites suffers from a lack of vitamins.This contributes to fatigue, severe drowsiness and constant apathy.
If pests live in the intestines, then problems with the digestive system are inevitable.Diarrhea may alternate with constipation.There is a risk of increased gas formation and pain in the right hypochondrium.
In the presence of parasites, a person’s protective functions of the body are reduced.Due to poor immunity, there is a risk of various infectious diseases.
One of the clearest signs of parasites is the spontaneous appearance of allergy symptoms.Additionally, allergic rhinitis or a persistent dry cough may begin to bother you.
Diagnosis of helminthiases
Only after the diagnosis and confirmation of the presence of worms can one proceed to their treatment.In order to verify in the presence of parasites, doctors use different diagnostic methods:
- Macroscopic.The patient's stool is taken for analysis.A microscope or magnifying glass is used as additional equipment.This method is used to search for pinworms or roundworms.
- Microscopic.To do this, a thick smear is taken, which is further examined on a special membrane.
- Immunological.In this case, antibodies are looking for antibodies to one or another type of helminths.This method is used to search for a huge number of different parasites.
- Biopsy.The presence of worms is determined by the study of muscle tissue.
- Instrumental.Such methods are used to determine how much internal organs and tissues are damaged by parasites.These methods include ultrasound, x-ray, computed tomography.
Treatment of parasite infestation
To eliminate parasites, you can give preference to both medicinal methods and traditional methods.It's best to combine them.In this case, the effectiveness of therapy will be most pronounced and rapid.
Treatment is selected on an individual basis.The most effective therapy is selected by the doctor, taking into account all the characteristics that are present in a particular patient.
Folk remedies for parasites in the human body
Traditional methods of treatment are no less effective than medications.Their main advantage is complete safety for the patient.
One of the best drugs is garlic juice.It contains phytoncides.It is they who destroy pests in the body.The juice is taken three times a day.Start with 5 drops per day.Gradually, the dosage is increased.
Another effective remedy is wormwood tincture.Like garlic, it contains phytoncides.To prepare the medicine, 1 tablespoon of wormwood is mixed with 100 ml of alcohol.The drug is infused for a week in a dark place.Take 20 drops 3 times a day.The tincture is used 20 minutes before meals.
It is useful to include a large amount of carrots in your diet and drink its juice.It is detrimental to parasites.It is recommended to take 1 glass of fresh carrot juice 30 minutes before meals.
Herbal decoctions are perfectly affected by the body.To prepare a product from parasites, 1 tbsp is mixed at 1 tbsp.Tansy, wormwood wormwood, aspen bark.All components are poured with a glass of water and brought to a boil.Take after cooling.They use a decoction 3 times a day for 125 ml before meals.
The main disadvantage of traditional therapy is that some medications can cause an allergic reaction if there is intolerance to specific components.In this case, you will have to reconsider your therapy and find a decoction or tincture that does not include allergens in its composition.
There is also an opinion that to combat a small number of parasites, it is enough to reconsider your diet.In the menu you need to include:
- pumpkin seeds;
- raw fruits and vegetables;
- coconut and pineapple;
- Chile;
- garlic;
- various vegetable oils.
All of the products listed have a negative impact on the activity of parasites.
Drug treatment of parasites
Drug treatment is more effective.The main thing is to take all medications thoughtfully.It is important to know that they are potent, so their use is only possible after prior consultation with a doctor.
Self-medication with anti-worm medications is strictly prohibited.There is a risk that the patient will only worsen his own health by using medications that are not required in a particular case.
Paizit prevention in the human body
It is easier to prevent the appearance of parasitic microorganisms than to fight them in the future.Each person must adhere to existing safety measures.For this it is recommended:
- use only purified water for washing products and drinking;
- do not use other people's hygiene items;
- give drugs for parasites to animals for prevention;
- stop eating dirty fruits and vegetables;
- Refuse the use of raw fish.
Periodic diagnostics are required to ensure the absence of harmful microorganisms.If you follow preventive measures, the risk of infection is minimal.It is especially important to ensure that children adhere to the recommendations.They are the ones in the main risk group.